The Globalization of Markets: What You Need to Know
1. The Difference between Multi-National and Global Corporations
In his article "The Globalization of Markets," Theodore Levitt discusses the difference between multinational and global corporations. He defines a multinational corporation as "a firm that designs and produces goods or services in several countries but maintains its headquarters in its home country" (Levitt, 1983, p. 92). A global corporation, on the other hand, is "a firm that configures its entire business – product development, production, marketing, and support services – to exploit the global market opportunity" (Levitt, 1983, p. 92). In other words, a multinational corporation operates in multiple countries but still primarily caters to the needs of its home country. A global corporation, on the other hand, is truly international in its scope and caters to the needs of the global market.
Levitt argues that many companies today are still operating as multinationals rather than true globals. He attributes this to the fact that most companies are still managed according to a "geographic organizational model" in which each country is managed as a separate entity (Levitt, 1983, p. 93). This results in each country having its own production facilities, marketing campaigns, and so on. The problem with this approach is that it leads to duplication of effort and wastefulness since each country is essentially doing its own thing rather than working together towards a common goal. Levitt argues that companies need to move away from this "geographic" mindset and towards a "global product" mindset in order to succeed in today's global market.
2. How did the global market emerge?
The global market emerged due to a number of factors including advances in technology, changes in consumer tastes and preferences, and the rise of transnational corporations. Advances in technology have made it possible for companies to operate on a global scale by enabling them to instantaneously communicate with customers and suppliers around the world. Changes in consumer tastes and preferences have also played a role by making people more open to trying new products from different cultures. The rise of transnational corporations has also been a key factor as these companies are often able to operate globally due to their size and resources.
3. What drives the globalization of markets?
There are a number of factors that drive the globalization of markets including technological advances, changes in consumer tastes and preferences, the rise of transnational corporations, and government policies. Technological advances such as the internet and social media have made it easier for companies to reach a global audience. Changes in consumer tastes and preferences have also made people more open to trying new products from different cultures. The rise of transnational corporations has also been a key factor as these companies are often able to operate globally due to their size and resources. Government policies such as trade liberalization can also contribute to the globalization of markets by making it easier for companies to operate internationally.
4. What are the benefits of global markets?
There are a number of benefits associated with global markets including increased competition, lower prices, higher quality products, and greater choice for consumers. Increased competition can lead to lower prices and higher quality products as companies strive to differentiate themselves in the market. Global markets also provide greater choice for consumers as they are able to choose from a wider range of products and services.
5. Are there any drawbacks to global markets?
There are a few potential drawbacks to global markets including the loss of local jobs, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The loss of local jobs can occur if companies relocate their production facilities to countries with lower labor costs. Cultural homogenization can occur if global markets lead to the spread of a "homogenous" culture at the expense of local cultures. Environmental degradation can occur if companies do not adhere to environmental regulations in their quest for profits.
6. How can companies succeed in global markets?
Companies can succeed in global markets by understanding the needs and wants of consumers around the world, developing a strong branding strategy, and by having a robust online presence. Companies need to understand that different cultures have different needs and wants and tailor their products and services accordingly. They also need to develop a strong branding strategy that will help them to stand out in the global marketplace. Finally, companies need to have a strong online presence as more and more consumers are shopping online for products and services.
7. Conclusion
In conclusion, the globalization of markets is a trend that is here to stay. Companies need to be aware of the factors that drive this trend and adapt their strategies accordingly in order to succeed in the global marketplace.