Vietnam’s International Relations: An Analysis of Key Factors

1. Introduction

Vietnam is a Southeast Asian country with a long history of international relations. These relations have been shaped by many factors, including geography, demography, natural resources, economic indicators, and development. In this paper, we will analyze these factors and their impact on Vietnam’s international relations.

2. Geography and demography

2.1 Geography

Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. The capital city of Vietnam is Hanoi, and the country has a total land area of 331,210 square kilometers. Vietnam’s landscape is varied, with mountains, plains, and coastal areas. The climate is tropical in the south and temperate in the north.

2. 2 Demography

The population of Vietnam was estimated to be 95.5 million in 2017. The majority of the population is ethnic Vietnamese (85%), with other minority groups including Chinese (5%), Khmer (3%), Hmong (2%), and Cham (1%). The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese, but other languages spoken in the country include Chinese, French, English, Russian, Khmer, Hmong, and Cham. The majority of the population is Buddhist (54%), followed by Catholic (8%), Protestant (1%), and other religions (3%). The life expectancy at birth in Vietnam is 74 years for men and 79 years for women.

3. Natural resources

Vietnam has abundant natural resources, including coal, iron ore, tin, chromite, Phosphates natural gas, oil reserves, hydropower potential, forests. Despite these riches, however, Vietnam remains a poor country with a per capita income of only $ 1,410 in 2016. This is due in part to the fact that much of the country’s natural resources are located in remote or difficult-to-reach areas. Furthermore, Vietnam has not yet fully developed its infrastructure or its human resources, which limits its ability to exploit its natural resources.

4. Economic indicators

4.1 National average per capita income

The national average per capita income in Vietnam was $1,410 in 2016. This figure has been increasing steadily over the past few years, from $1,360 in 2014 to $1,390 in 2015. However, it remains relatively low compared to other countries in Southeast Asia and globally.

4. 2 Literacy

The literacy rate in Vietnam was estimated at 94% in 2015. This is relatively high compared to other developing countries but still lower than developed countries such as Japan (99%), Australia (99%), and Canada (99%).

4. 3 Tertiary enrolment

The tertiary enrolment rate in Vietnam was 20% in 2012. This figure has been increasing steadily over the past few years, from 17 % in 2010 to 19 % in 2011. However, it remains relatively low compared to other countries in Southeast Asia and globally.

4. 4 Secondary enrolment

The secondary enrolment rate in Vietnam was 76% in 2012. This figure has been increasing steadily over the past few years, from 74 % in 2010 to 75 % in 2011. However, it remains relatively low compared to other countries in Southeast Asia and globally.

5. International relations

5.1 Development

Vietnam is a developing country with a lower middle-income economy. The country’s GDP per capita was $1,410 in 2016, which is relatively low compared to other countries in Southeast Asia and globally. Furthermore, Vietnam’s human development index (HDI) was 0.636 in 2016, which is classified as “medium” level of human development.

5. 2 Economic world systems

Vietnam is classified as a “periphery” country in the economic world system. This is due to the fact that Vietnam is a developing country with a lower middle-income economy. The country’s GDP per capita was $1,410 in 2016, which is relatively low compared to other countries in Southeast Asia and globally.

6. Conclusion

In conclusion, Vietnam’s international relations are shaped by many factors, including geography, demography, natural resources, economic indicators, and development. These factors have both a positive and negative impact on Vietnam’s international relations.

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